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In 490 BC, Persian King Darius the Great sent an expeditionary force to Greece, in retaliation for Athens' support of a revolt by the Greek cities of Ionia on the Turkish coast, which were part of the Persian Empire. Darius's army landed close to the plain of Marathon, providing a direct route to Athens. The Greeks, led by Miltiades the Younger, awaited them there. The heavily armed Greek hoplites, organized in phalanx formation, crushed the Persian cavalry and repelled the invaders in a single battle.
