Birds are an extraordinary diverse group, and their history can be traced back to 220 million years ago, with the first dinosaurs. Today, they form one of the most diverse groups in the vertebrate kingdom. How can we explain this evolutionary triumph? This second episode of Rise of Birds follows Ashley Heers at California State University in Los Angeles, who studies how flightless birds use their wings… To conquer the skies, gliding birds developed a new technique called flapping flight.